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REMIT enforcement cases
Every published REMIT enforcement decision we have found: the 146 in ACER's register and 7 more from regulators ACER does not track, from 18 authorities in all, each linked to the regulator's own source, with case write-ups on the decisions that say what the conduct was.
On this page
What the decisions cover
REMIT prohibits insider trading (Article 3) and market manipulation (Article 5), requires inside information to be published (Article 4), and obliges participants to report transactions (Article 8) and register (Article 9). Decision counts are across ACER’s register, as listed on 14 October 2026; write-up counts cover every write-up below, including decisions ACER does not list. Choose an article to show only the write-ups that cite it.
- Article 3: Insider trading3 write-ups6decisions
- Article 4: Disclosure of inside information4 write-ups20decisions
- Article 5: Market manipulation26 write-ups (selected, choose again to clear the filter)84decisions
- Article 8: Data reporting0 write-ups10decisions
- Article 9: Registration0 write-ups31decisions
A decision can cite more than one article, so the decision counts add up to more than the number of decisions. ACER states the total of fines across its table as EUR 240,682,566.
Case write-ups
Each write-up restates what the deciding authority published: the market, the conduct it found, how the case came to light and what the decision turned on. Where a decision is under appeal or was annulled, the page says so first. Nothing here is a finding of ours.
Showing the 26 write-ups citing Article 5: Market manipulation. Show all write-ups
- Futugrid fined for a non-genuine balancing bid (Estonia, 2026)ECA, Estonia · Published 9 October 2026 · ElectricityNon-genuine balancing bid. EUR 16,000 (the statutory maximum for a legal person is EUR 32,000).
- SFE fined NOK 3 million for balancing bids above cost (RME, 2026)RME, Norway · Published 29 September 2026 · ElectricityEconomic withholding. NOK 3,000,000.
- A2A fined EUR 5 million for economic withholding (ARERA, 2026)ARERA, Italy · Decided 30 July 2026 · ElectricityEconomic withholding. EUR 5,000,000, the ordinary statutory maximum.
- Hungaro Energy fined HUF 350 million for gas spoofing (MEKH, 2026)MEKH, Hungary · Published 19 May 2026 · GasLayering and spoofing. HUF 350,000,000 (approx. EUR 980,000).
- Toplofikacia Sofia and Energy Market fined for pre-arranged tradesEWRC, Bulgaria · Decided 18 March 2026 · ElectricityPre-arranged trades. EUR 53,969.86 for each company.
- Energi Danmark fined again for interconnector capacity hoardingDUR, Denmark · Published 28 February 2025 · ElectricityCapacity hoarding. DKK 380,000 (approx. EUR 51,000), accepted.
- Vattenfall's erroneous NO2 order: a breach with no fine (RME, 2025)RME, Norway · Published 27 February 2025 · ElectricityErroneous orders. Breach found, no fine.
- Danske Commodities and Equinor fined EUR 12 million (CRE, 2025)CRE, France · Decided 20 January 2025 · GasConcerted bidding. EUR 8,000,000 (Danske) and EUR 4,000,000 (Equinor).
- Energi Danmark fined NOK 7.5 million for erroneous trades (RME, 2024)RME, Norway · Published 9 December 2024 · ElectricityErroneous orders, Insider trading, Late disclosure of inside information. NOK 7,500,000.
- Gesternova and Axpo Iberia fined for quote stuffing (CNMC, 2024)CNMC, Spain · Decided 3 October 2024 · ElectricityQuote stuffing. EUR 6,000,000 (Gesternova) and EUR 1,500,000 (Axpo Iberia).
- Neuro Energía y Gestión fined for controlling the order queueCNMC, Spain · Decided 24 July 2024 · ElectricityQuote stuffing. EUR 865,201.60 (EUR 1,081,502 less the 20% reduction for voluntary payment); the 34 other agents were found not responsible.
- ANRE fines three traders for pre-arranged trades on OPCOM (2024)ANRE, Romania · Decided 29 March 2024 · ElectricityPre-arranged trades, Wash trades. RON 18,005,844.47 in total: Land Power RON 7,736,057.20, Energy Republic Trading RON 6,336,705.37, QMB Energ RON 3,933,081.90.
- ANRE fines four traders RON 537 million for wash trades (2024)ANRE, Romania · Decided 19 January 2024 · ElectricityWash trades. RON 537,503,319.49 in total: Tinmar RON 363,982,051.85, Nova Power & Gas RON 100,106,676.12, EFT Furnizare RON 50,497,126.22, Freepoint RON 22,917,465.30.
- Most Energy and Kumer: EWRC market manipulation sanctionsEWRC, Bulgaria · Decided 14 November 2023 · ElectricityMisleading signals and price positioning. BGN 1,057,026 for each company (BGN 2,114,052 in total).
- Boliden Odda fined NOK 5 million over a reserve it could not deliverRME, Norway · Published 10 November 2023 · ElectricityNon-genuine balancing bid. NOK 5,000,000.
- Eneco repays EUR 2.4 million over an uncorrected fat-finger orderACM, Netherlands · Published 3 August 2023 · GasErroneous orders. No fine. Commitments declared binding, with repayment of EUR 2,363,471 to GTS for passing on to other participants.
- Energy Supply EOOD fined for layering and spoofing (EWRC, 2023)EWRC, Bulgaria · Decided 23 March 2023 · ElectricityLayering and spoofing. BGN 165,238, and an order to end the breach.
- EDF fined for the first REMIT insider trading breach (CRE, 2022)CRE, France · Decided 25 April 2022 · ElectricityInsider trading, Erroneous orders. EUR 500,000 (EDF, Articles 3 and 4) and EUR 50,000 (EDF Trading, Article 5).
- Energi Danmark and Optimax fined over the June 2019 imbalancesBNetzA, Germany · Published 5 October 2021 · ElectricitySelling unavailable energy. EUR 200,000 (Energi Danmark) and EUR 175,000 (Optimax Energy).
- ESB and Carrington pay GBP 6 million over inflated balancing dataOFGEM, Great Britain · Published 24 August 2021 · ElectricityMisleading balancing data. GBP 6,000,000 paid into Ofgem's voluntary redress fund.
- EDF Energy Thermal Generation pays GBP 6 million over balancing dataOFGEM, Great Britain · Published 16 December 2020 · ElectricityMisleading balancing data. GBP 6,000,000 paid into Ofgem's voluntary redress fund; no formal investigation opened.
- InterGen to pay GBP 37 million for misleading National Grid (Ofgem)OFGEM, Great Britain · Published 15 April 2020 · ElectricityMisleading balancing data. GBP 37,291,000 in total: a GBP 24,500,000 penalty (GBP 35,000,000 before a 30% settlement discount) and GBP 12,791,000 restitution.
- Engie Global Markets fined GBP 2.1 million for gas spoofing (Ofgem)OFGEM, Great Britain · Published 5 September 2019 · GasLayering and spoofing. GBP 2,128,236 following early settlement; Ofgem describes a 30% discount.
- Uniper and two traders fined for blocking a gas order book (2019)BNetzA, Germany · Published 20 February 2019 · GasOrder-book blocking. EUR 150,000 (Uniper), EUR 1,500 and EUR 2,000 (the two traders).
- Energi Danmark fined for capacity hoarding on Nordic intraday (2018)DUR, Denmark · Published 7 December 2018 · ElectricityCapacity hoarding. DKK 750,000 fine plus DKK 354,000 confiscated revenue (DKK 1,104,000 in total).
- Iberdrola's EUR 25 million hydro withholding fine, later annulledCNMC, Spain · Decided 24 November 2015 · ElectricityEconomic withholding. EUR 25,000,000, annulled.
ACER's register
Transcribed from ACER’s overview of REMIT sanction decisions on 14 October 2026. Penalties and statuses are ACER’s as of that date, with amounts in other currencies converted by ACER at the ECB rate on the day of the decision. Statuses change as appeals are decided: follow the source before relying on one.
ACER’s caveats apply. Penalties are imposed nationally under Article 13 of REMIT, the regime differs between member states, some breaches are sanctioned under national provisions, and decisions that were not made public are not listed. Ofgem’s decisions from before and after the UK left the EU appear because ACER lists them.
| Authority | Participant | Article | Penalty | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | |||||
| ARERA | A2A S.p.A. Read the case | 5 | EUR 5,000,000 | Appeal Possible | Source |
| ECA | Futugrid Technologies OÜ Read the case | 5 | EUR 16,000 | Appeal Possible | Source |
| EV | Kinect Energy Sweden AB | 5 | EUR 9,254,600 | Pending Sanction | Source |
| EWRC | Energy Market AD Read the case | 5 | EUR 53,969.86 | Appeal Possible | Source |
| EWRC | Toplofikacia Sofia EAD Read the case | 5 | EUR 53,969.86 | Appeal Possible | Source |
| MEKH | Hungaro Energy Kft. Read the case | 5 | HUF 350,000,000 (approx. EUR 980,000) | Appeal Possible | Source |
| PUC | Latvenergo AS | 5 | EUR 5,401 | Final | Source |
| VERT | Litgrid | 5 | EUR 21,500 | Final | Source |
| E-Control | EMEX Trade GmbH | 8 | EUR 57,200 | Final | Source |
| 2025 | |||||
| ARERA | Enel Produzione S.p.A. | 4 | No Fine - ARERA accepted the commitments proposed by Enel Produzione S.p.A. to remedy the violations of the relevant provisions | Final | Source |
| EWRC | Bulgargaz EAD | 4 | BGN 10,000 (approx. EUR 5,000) | Under Appeal | Source |
| EWRC | Toplofikacia Sofia EAD | 4 | BGN 10,000 (approx. EUR 5,000) | Under Appeal | Source |
| CNMC | Enet Energy S.A. | 5 | EUR 1,000,000 (reduced by 40% due to early voluntary payment) | Final | Source |
| CRE | Danske Commodities A/S Read the case | 5 | EUR 8,000,000 | Under Appeal | Source |
| CRE | Equinor ASA Read the case | 5 | EUR 4,000,000 | Under Appeal | Source |
| DUR | Energi Danmark A/S Read the case | 5 | DKK 380,000 (approx. EUR 51,000) | Final | Source |
| DUR | Sindal Varmeforsyning | 5 | Administrative warning | Final | Source |
| EV | Kinect Energy Sweden AB | 5 | Proposal for an administrative fine submitted to the Market Court | Appeal Possible | Source |
| MEKH | Hungaro Energy Kft. | 8 | HUF 60,250,000 (approx. EUR 150,000) | Final | Source |
| 2024 | |||||
| EWRC | Kozloduy NPP Read the case | 3 | BGN 604,064 (approx. EUR 300,000) | Appeal Possible | Source |
| DUR | Nordjyllandsværket A/S | 3, 4 | DKK 400,000 (approx. EUR 53,000) | Final | Source |
| BNetzA | Gascade Gastransport GmbH | 4 | EUR 75,000 | Final | Source |
| EWRC | Aes 3C Maritza East 1 | 4 | BGN 20,000 (approx. EUR 10,000) | Final | Source |
| EWRC | Aes-3c Maritza East 1 EOOD | 4 | BGN 10,000 (approx. EUR 5,000) | Final | Source |
| EWRC | TPP Bobov dol | 4 | BGN 80,000 (approx. EUR 40,000) | Under Appeal | Source |
| EWRC | TPP Contour Global Maritsa East 3 | 4 | BGN 10,000 (approx. EUR 5,000) | Under Appeal | Source |
| ANRE | Eft Furnizare SRL Read the case | 5 | RON 50,497,126.22 (approx. EUR 10,144,873) | Appealed | Source |
| ANRE | Energy Republic Trading S.R.L. Read the case | 5 | RON 6,336,705.37 (approx. 1,286,984.86 EUR) | Appealed | Source |
| ANRE | Freepoint Commodities Europe LLP Read the case | 5 | RON 22,917,465.3 (approx. EUR 4,604,119) | Appealed | Source |
| ANRE | Land Power S.R.L. Read the case | 5 | RON 7,736,057.2 (approx. EUR 1,571,193.22) | Appealed | Source |
| ANRE | Nova Power&Gas SRL Read the case | 5 | RON 100,106,676.12 (approx. EUR 20,111,431) | Appealed | Source |
| ANRE | Qmb Energ S.R.L. Read the case | 5 | RON 3,933,081.9 (approx. EUR 798,808.93) | Appealed | Source |
| ANRE | Tinmar Energy SA Read the case | 5 | RON 363,982,051.85 (approx. EUR 73,123,994) | Appealed | Source |
| ARERA | ENET Energy S.A. | 5 | fine to be reassessed | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Axpo Iberia S.L. Read the case | 5 | EUR 1,500,000 | Under Appeal | Source |
| CNMC | Enérgya VM Gestión de Energía | 5 | EUR 1,000,000 | Under Appeal | Source |
| CNMC | Gesternova S.A. Read the case | 5 | EUR 6,000,000 | Under Appeal | Source |
| CNMC | Neuro Energía y Gestión Read the case | 5 | EUR 865,201.60 | Under Appeal | Source |
| ARERA | EC Energy Clean SA | 8, 9 | EUR 25,000 | Final | Source |
| EWRC | Elektroenergien Sistemen Operator EAD | 9 | BGN 7,000 (approx. EUR 3,500)A committed reimbursement, not a fine | Final | Source |
| 2023 | |||||
| CRE | Engie | 3, 4 | EUR 500,000 | Appealed | Source |
| CRE | TotalEnergies Electricité et Gaz France | 4 | EUR 80,000 | Final | Source |
| ACM | Eneco Energy Trade B.V. Read the case | 5 | EUR 2,363,471A committed reimbursement, not a fine | Final | Source |
| EWRC | Energy Supply Eood Read the case | 5 | BGN 165,238 (approx. EUR 84,486) | Appeal Possible | Source |
| EWRC | Most Energy AD, Kumer OOD Read the case | 5 | BGN 2,114,052 (approx. EUR 1,080,914.8) | Under Appeal | Source |
| MEKH | Prvo Plinarsko Društvo d.o.o. | 5 | HUF 500,000,000 (approx. EUR 1,346,402) | Under Appeal | Source |
| URSO | Energy Distribution a.s. | 8, 9 | EUR 4,000 | Final | Source |
| 2022 | |||||
| CRE | Engie Sa | 3 | EUR 80,000 | Final | Source |
| CRE | Electricité De France Sa Read the case | 3, 4 | EUR 500,000 | Final | Source |
| ACM | Pzem Energy B.V. | 4 | EUR 150,000 | Final | Source |
| E-Control | Verbund Energy4Business Gmbh | 4 | EUR 1,100 | Final | Source |
| E-Control | Wien Energie Gmbh | 4 | EUR 1,100 | Final | Source |
| MEKH | FGSZ Zrt. | 4 | HUF 4,000,000 (approx. EUR 10,089.54) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | A Energy Ind S.R.L. | 5 | RON 340,294 (approx. EUR 68,893) | Under Appeal | Source |
| ANRE | Alive Capital S.R.L. | 5 | RON 800,000 (approx. EUR 161,911) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Eft Furnizare S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,954) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Energiataverde.Ro Furnizare S.R.L. (Fostă Apuron Energy S.R.L.) | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,893) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Entrex Services S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,842) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Next Energy Partners S.R.L. | 5 | RON 200,000 (approx. EUR 40,443) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Nova Power & Gas S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,977) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Premier Energy Srl | 5 | RON 500,000 (approx. EUR 101,073) | Under Appeal | Source |
| ANRE | Qmb Energ S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,977) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Tinmar Energy S.A. | 5 | RON 500,000 (approx. EUR 101,073) | Under Appeal | Source |
| ANRE | Transformer Energy Supply S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,918) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | We Power Team S.R.L. | 5 | RON 451,022 (approx. EUR 91,272) | Under Appeal | Source |
| ANRE | Xpv S.A. | 5 | RON 800,000 (approx. EUR 161,770) | Final | Source |
| ARERA | Enegan Gas Trading S.r.l. | 5 | EUR 27,000 | Under Appeal | Source |
| ARERA | Joytrade S.r.l. | 5 | EUR 20,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Gasela Gmbh | 5 | EUR 6,000,000 | Under Appeal | Source |
| CNMC | Solstar Limited | 5 | EUR 6,000,000 | Under Appeal | Source |
| CRE | Edf Trading Limited Read the case | 5 | EUR 50,000 | Final | Source |
| EWRC | Energy Mt Ead, Grand Energy Distribution Eood, Interelektrik Eood, Interprom Eood, Most Energy Ad, National Electric Company Ead - Nek Ead | 5 | BGN 1,258,419 (approx. EUR 643,419.4) | Appeal Possible | Source |
| MEKH | Bc-Energiakereskedő Kft. | 8 | HUF 46,000,000 (approx. EUR 114670.32) | Final | Source |
| MEKH | EP Commodities, a.s. | 8 | HUF 49,000,000 (approx. EUR 122148.82) | Final | Source |
| MEKH | Global Nrg Zrt. | 8 | HUF 91,000,000 (approx. EUR 229519.77) | Under Appeal | Source |
| 2021 | |||||
| ECA | Elering,As Eesti Gaas | 4 | EUR 10,000 | Annulled | Source |
| ANRE | A Energy Ind S.R.L. | 5 | RON 800,000 (approx. EUR 161,636) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Axpo Energy România S.A. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 81,189) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | E.On Energie România S.A. | 5 | RON 800,000 (approx. EUR 161,740) | Under Appeal | Source |
| ANRE | Eft Furnizare S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,818) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Electromagnetica S.A. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 81,189) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Ljg Green Source Energy Beta S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,870) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Ljg Green Source Energy Gamma S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,870) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Monsson Trading S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,811) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Next Energy Partners S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 80,820) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Transformer Energy Supply S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 81,392) | Final | Source |
| BNetzA | Energi Danmark A/S Read the case | 5 | EUR 200,000 | Final | Source |
| BNetzA | Optimax Energy Gmgh Read the case | 5 | EUR 175,000 | Annulled | Source |
| CNMC | Rock Trading World S.A. | 5 | EUR 60,000 | Final | Source |
| OFGEM | Esb Independent Generation Trading Limited And Carrington Power Limited Read the case | 5 | GBP 6,000,000 (approx. EUR 7,000,000)Includes confiscated profit | Final | Source |
| ERÚ | Mesit Reality, S.R.O. | 8 | EUR 384 | Final | Source |
| 2020 | |||||
| DUR | Hofor Energiproduktion A/S | 3 | Administrative warning | Final | Source |
| OFGEM | Sse Trading Lt Read the case | 4 | GBP 2,060,000 (approx. EUR 2,307,000) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Aderro G.P. Energy S.R.L | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 83,295) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | E.On Energie România S.A. | 5 | RON 500,000 (approx. EUR 103,235) | Under Appeal | Source |
| ANRE | E.On Gaz Furnizare S.A. | 5 | RON 500,000 (approx. EUR 103,235) | Under Appeal | Source |
| ANRE | Nova Power & Gas S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 83,295) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Qmb Energ S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 83,295) | Final | Source |
| OFGEM | Edf Energy (Thermal Generation) Limited Read the case | 5 | GBP 6,000,000 (approx. EUR 6,700,000)Includes confiscated profit | Final | Source |
| OFGEM | Intergen (Uk) Ltd, Coryton Energy Company Ltd, Rocksavage Power Company Ltd, Spalding Energy Company Ltd Read the case | 5 | GBP 37,291,000 (approx. EUR 42,500,000)Includes confiscated profit | Final | Source |
| 2019 | |||||
| MEKH | Mvm Paksi Atomerőmű Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság | 4 | EUR 2790 | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Met România Energy S.A | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 84,191) | Final | Source |
| ANRE | Petosolar S.R.L. | 5 | RON 400,000 (approx. EUR 84,191) | Final | Source |
| BNetzA | Uniper Global Commodities Se and two traders Read the case | 5 | EUR 150,000 and fines of EUR 1,500 and EUR 2,000 for each trader. | Final | Source |
| CRE | Bp Gas Marketing Limited | 5 | EUR 1,000,000 | Final | Source |
| MEKH | Mavir Zrt. | 5 | HUF 1,000,000 (approx. EUR 3,000) | Final | Source |
| MEKH | Valahia Gaz S.R.L. | 5 | HUF 30,000,000 (approx. EUR 90,000) | Final | Source |
| OFGEM | Engie Global Markets Read the case | 5 | GBP 2,128,236.00 (approx. EUR 2,393,427.80) | Final | Source |
| VERT | Uab Geros Dujos | 5 | EUR 28,583 | Final | Source |
| ERÚ | Alpiq Energy Se | 8 | Kč 285,600 (EUR 11,250) | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Dx Comercializadora Energética | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Mi Electrica S.L. | 9 | EUR 6,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Somisal Sa | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| 2018 | |||||
| CNMC | Galp Gas Natural, S.A. | 5 | EUR 80,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Multienergía Verde, S.L.U. | 5 | EUR 120,000 | Final | Source |
| CRE | Vitol S.A. | 5 | EUR 5,000,000 | Final | Source |
| DUR | Energi Danmark A/S Read the case | 5 | DKK 1,104,000 (approx. EUR 147,000)Includes confiscated profit | Final | Source |
| DUR | Neas Energy A/S | 5 | DKK 153,000 (approx. EUR 20,400)Includes confiscated profit | Final | Source |
| MEKH | Fgsz Kereskedési Platform Korlátolt Felelősségű Társaság | 8 | EUR 42,500 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | About White S.L. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Aceitunera Del Norte De Caceres Scl De 2º Grado | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Alpapat, S.L. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Asal De Energía, S.L. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Aurora Energy Supply, S.L. | 9 | EUR 6,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Comercial Y Asesora De Electricidad, S.L. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Comunidad De Bienes Cortijo De Los Mimbrales | 9 | EUR 6,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Consorcio Zona Franca De Vigo (Czfv) | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Economicluz, S.L. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Electrica Vaquer Energia, S.A.U. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Emasp S Coop | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Embellecimientos Textiles, S.A. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Empresa Municipal De Distribució D'Energia Electrica De Ponts, S.L.U. | 9 | EUR 5,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Energonostrum S.A. | 9 | EUR 6,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Foresta Terrenos Sl | 9 | EUR 2,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Gaia Global Energy, S.L. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | La Fleca De L'Empordá, S.A. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Nosa Enerxia Sociedade Coop Galega | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Ponsfil, S.A. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Preparacion De Fibras S.A. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Samoyedo, S.L. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Societat Municipal De Distribució Elèctrica De Tírvia, S.L. | 9 | EUR 5,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Triturats De Fibres S.L. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Virtual Power Plant & Smart Energy S.L. | 9 | EUR 6,000 | Final | Source |
| CNMC | Viva Luz Soluciones, S.L. | 9 | EUR 3,000 | Final | Source |
| 2015 | |||||
| ECA | Elering | 4 | EUR 10,000 | Annulled | Source |
| CNMC | Iberdrola Generación S.A.U. Read the case | 5 | EUR 25,000,000 | Annulled | Source |
Decisions ACER does not list
ACER’s table covers EU regulators. Norway applies market conduct rules equivalent to REMIT through its NEM regulation, and its regulator RME publishes its decisions on its own site; ACER also stopped following most Great Britain decisions after the UK left the EU. These rows come from the regulators’ own releases, read on 15 October 2026. Where a release does not say whether a decision was appealed, the status reads “Not stated” rather than guessing.
| Authority | Participant | Article | Penalty | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | |||||
| RME | SFE AS Read the case | 5Norwegian NEM regulation, chapter 5 (mirrors REMIT Article 5) | NOK 3,000,000 | Appeal Possible | Source |
| 2025 | |||||
| RME | Statnett SF Read the case | 4Norwegian NEM regulation, chapter 5 (mirrors REMIT Article 4), and Article 10 of the Transparency Regulation | NOK 1,500,000 | Not stated | Source |
| RME | Vattenfall Read the case | 5Norwegian NEM regulation, chapter 5 (mirrors REMIT Article 5) | Breach found, no fine | Not stated | Source |
| 2024 | |||||
| RME | Energi Danmark A/S Read the case | 3, 4, 5Norwegian NEM regulation, chapter 5 (mirrors REMIT Articles 3, 4 and 5) | NOK 7,500,000 | Not stated | Source |
| 2023 | |||||
| RME | Boliden Odda AS Read the case | 5Norwegian NEM regulation, chapter 5 (mirrors REMIT Article 5) | NOK 5,000,000 | Not stated | Source |
| OFGEM | Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc Read the case | N/AREMIT Enforcement Regulations 2013, regulation 8 (recording and retaining trading communications) | GBP 5,410,000, after a 30% settlement discount | Final | Source |
| RME | Statnett SF Read the case | 4Norwegian NEM regulation, chapter 5 (mirrors REMIT Article 4) | NOK 500,000 | Not stated | Source |
What these cases have in common with surveillance
Most of the manipulation decisions turn on a question a surveillance function can ask of its own trading before a regulator does: was this order meant to be executed, and does the market price explain the decision to place it? The economic withholding decision against A2A was built by re-clearing the day-ahead market with the participant’s offers replaced by an estimate of cost, the same counterfactual idea behind TradingSurv’s merit-order reconstruction. A TradingSurv finding is an indicator for a human to review, never a determination, and nothing on this page should be read as saying a screen would have identified any of these cases.